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incandescent displays

KW series direct view filament (DVF) displays & connectors

The History
Wamco began in 1968 as a supplier of high quality subminiature incandescent lamps to the aerospace, computer and hi-rel electronics industries.

Today we are listed on the Federal Specification QPL WL-00111 and are a top supplier of subminiature incandescent lamps and DVF displays to the aerospace industry.

Wamco is noted for high quality products, quick response to new designs, excellent sales staff, and service which is backed by one of the largest lamp and DVF display inventories in the United States and Canada.

Wamco’s KW DVF displays were developed as a result of requests we received from our aerospace customers to design a truly high quality sunlight readable display capable of withstanding the most rigorous of environments.

The Factory
Wamco selected Wakoh Corporation in Tokyo, Japan to manufacture our readouts. Wakoh eagerly accepted the challenge to improve upon the current DVF technology in the areas we felt were vitally important. We were confident they would be able to accomplish this task based on their experience and the research they had already accomplished in the development of highly innovative and proprietary system for sealing and evacuation.

Superior Features of KW DVF Displays
Non-Crossed Filaments:
Eliminates potential of filaments accidentally touching (at the corners) during shock and vibration.

All Glass Package:
Increases reliability during temperature cycling because of the lack of dissimilar materials at the sealing seam of the faceplate.

Larger Sealing Area:
Our proprietary sealing process has eliminated vacuum leaks as a major problem.

Special Filament Mounting Pads:
Character dimensions are held to a tolerance of plus/minus .015”.

High Vacuum Level:
Guarantees a longer life and reduces the tungsten evaporation rate closer to the theoretical rate.

Greater Filament Strength:
Proprietary processing and heat treating of Wamco filaments permits them to withstand high shock and vibration environments. Wamco readout filaments have been subjected to 50 G’s without breakage, although we do not recommend their use under these conditions.

Water Cycle Eliminated:
Special processing eliminates the out-gassing of water molecules (a phenomena which begins at 100º C +) from the glass which attacks the tungsten filament and drastically reduces filament life.

Benefits
• Sunlight readable
• Low power
• Night vision goggle readable
• Wide viewing angle
• Directly replaceable to other DVF displays
• Multiplexing
• Impervious to salt spray and humidity
• Even Brightness at rated and dimming voltages
• Long life
• Withstands temperature extremes
• Compact design
• Withstands transient voltages which damage solid state devices
• Compatible with LED display IC drivers
• Color filtering

Quality Control
• Production lots coded for traceability
• 100% aging 50 hours before shipment
• 100% brightness measurement at both rated and dimmed voltages
• 100% selected for current draw
• 100% production lots are sample tested to special inspection level "S-4"; lot size "F"; 1.0 AQL in an oven @ 125º C for 15 hours

Brightness
There are two methods of measuring the brightness of direct view filament displays. The first method yields candelas, and the second, foot-lamberts. Wamco uses the candela method. Candelas can be measure very accurately and, more importantly, the measurements have a high degree of repeatability. Candelas closely represent what the eye actually sees because it measures integrated light from all of the filament coils.

The history of measuring the brightness of filament displays in foot-lambert values has not offered a high degree of reliability. Accuracy is suspect and the repeatability of measurements is difficult. Foot-lambert measurements do not reflect what the eye sees because the photometer focuses on only a few filament coils. The only advantage of having foot-lambert values is to compare for equal brightness readouts of different sizes.

Foot-lambert =

Candela x PL

Lighted Area (Sq Ft)

 

Multiplexing
The rated pulse voltage is determined through the formula:

   

PV =

Rated Voltage

The pulse voltage is critical in terms of life and brightness as shown in the chart.

The recommended minimum frequency is 500 Hz. Large thermal swings begin to occur below 500 Hz which can be detrimental to filament life and strength. The recommended minimum frequency is subject to change as more data is obtained from our life testing program.

Voltage Chart
The chart below demonstrates the effect overrated and underrated voltages have on an incandescent filament display. The numbers were derived from the following formulas:

Life Factor =
Rated Voltage
12
Application V

Brightness Factor =
Application V
3.5
Rated V

Amperage Factor =
Application V
.55
Rated V

The 12th power law for life was established many years ago for large lamps with life ratings of 5000 hours or less. It is considered to be only fairly accurate from 95% to 110% of rated voltage.

Since our displays have a theoretical life rating of over 5000 hours, this chart should only be used as a guide to show the sensitivity of lamp life to over and under voltage operation. This chart should not be used to obtain actual life figures.

% Rated Voltage
% Rated Amps
% Rated Brightness
% Rated Life
95
97.2
83.6
185.1
96
97.8
86.7
163.2
97
98.3
89.9
144.1
98
98.9
93.2
127.4
99
99.4
96.5
112.8
100
100.0
100.0
100.0
101
100.5
103.5
88.7
102
101.1
107.2
78.8
103
101.6
110.9
70.1
104
102.2
114.7
62.5
105
102.7
118.6
55.7
106
103.3
122.6
49.7
107
103.8
126.7
44.4
108
104.3
130.9
39.7
109
104.9
135.2
35.6
110
105.4
139.6
31.9
Specifications subject to change without notice.

Accelerated Life Test
This procedure is not recommended. Filaments are designed to be operated at rated voltages.

Life Specification
The only practical method for determining the life of “long life” incandescents is through calculations based on the tungsten evaporation rate. Theoretical life ratings assume perfect conditions and do not consider DC notching, Sorret effect, series operation or improper multiplexing. These conditions may reduce the theoretical life by as much as 70%.

Night Vision Goggle Specification
When used with the proper Wamco NVG filter, KW series readouts meet these NVG specifications:
• MIL-L-85762A N/R and color
• US Army secure lighting energy ratios
• United Kingdom green/red ratios

Environmental Characteristics
Operating Temperate Range:
-55º C to 100º C

Storage Temperature Range:
-65º C to 125º C

Thermal Shock:
Meets requirement of MIL-STD-202, Method 107D, Test Condition B, (-65º C thru 126º C)

Vibration:
Meets requirements of MIL-STD-202, Method 204C, Test Condition C (except 5G's)

Shock:
Meets requirements of MIL-STD-202, Method 213B, Test Condition G

Seal:
Meets requirements of MIL-STD-202, Method 112A, Test Condition A


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